It is often not very clear to clients just how many different toolkits professionals have access to, and what each is used for. The development of various psychological directions is the result of very complex processes. They are the combined outcome of scientific, philosophical, and cultural influences – so it is completely natural that different worldviews and the social, political, and scientific context of a given era guided thinkers in different directions.

The analytical school, psychoanalysis, and psychodynamic therapy are linked to the name of Freud, reaching back to the late 1800s. This method works with unconscious conflicts (like repressed desires and traumas), where the therapist’s goal is to bring these hidden contents to light, so processing can begin. In funny images and films, we often see the classic scene of a client lying on a couch talking about their feelings – this is a typical tool of psychoanalysis, where the client and psychologist meet once or even twice a week. It is a long-term process that can take years, but the same ideas can also be applied within a shorter timeframe, in which case you should look for short-term dynamic therapy. This framework is worth considering for deeply-rooted emotional and mental issues, such as repressed traumas, conflicts stemming from childhood experiences, and unconscious emotional tension. It is particularly effective for managing long-term psychological difficulties and inner conflicts, such as anxiety disorders, depression, or relationship problems.

 Gestalt therapy focuses on experiencing the present moment and increasing awareness. It looks at the whole person, including emotional, physical, and behavioral aspects. It is great for addressing difficulties with living in the here-and-now, repressed emotions, self-expression issues, relationship conflicts, and anxiety. Therapeutic exercises designed to help you experience the here-and-now assist in recognizing and expressing repressed feelings. The therapy places a strong emphasis on personal responsibility and self-expression. It is a big help for those who find it hard to process current emotional challenges.

The core of Jungian therapy is to help the individual harmonize the conscious and unconscious parts of their personality through the analysis of symbols, dreams, and archetypes, as well as active imagination, allowing them to find balance with themselves and the world. Jung's theories can be especially useful for those struggling with the meaning of life, self-identity, and symbolic meanings, as well as for anyone seeking a deeper journey of self-discovery, including symbolic and spiritual dimensions.

Existential therapy deals with life's ultimate questions, such as freedom, the meaning of life, death, loneliness, and responsibility. The therapist helps the individual face these fundamental questions and understand their personal values and goals. The aim is self-actualization and achieving an authentic life by making conscious choices in line with one's own values and accepting life's inevitable uncertainties. It is recommended for those struggling with deep philosophical or existential questions (identity crisis, fear of death, dilemmas regarding freedom and responsibility, existential crises, loneliness) who want to find meaning or purpose in their lives.

The goal of humanistic therapy is to promote self-actualization and personal growth, and to unfold the individual's inner resources and potential. It focuses on human potential and self-realization, emphasizing the natural human tendency toward development and growth. It highlights a person's positive qualities and inner resources, emphasizing the importance of current experiences and feelings. It is recommended for those striving for personal growth, self-actualization, and self-acceptance who wish to explore their inner resources.

 Person-centered therapy is wonderful for deepening self-awareness and boosting self-confidence, low self-esteem, and self-worth. The process involves discovery and growth using your own inner resources and capabilities, where full acceptance of the client is a fundamental pillar of the therapy. The therapist approaches the client with unconditional positive regard, empathy, and congruence, supporting the client’s own path of development rather than directing the process.

Nowadays, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) gets a lot of attention from clients. The central idea of CBT is that people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are closely connected. Negative or distorted thoughts lead to feeling bad and harmful behavior. The goal of therapy is to identify and change these negative thoughts and faulty thinking patterns, which in turn can improve emotions and behavior. CBT is one of the most widely used therapeutic methods and proves to be highly effective in treating many psychological problems – which is probably why it is so popular: anxiety disorders (panic, phobias, generalized anxiety, social anxiety); depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); eating disorders; and addictions. But it can also be useful for relationship and partnership issues, helping to recognize negative communication patterns and develop new, more effective coping strategies. CBT is a structured, goal-oriented process that can bring quick solutions even in the short term. It is very comfortable for those who like to progress within a concrete, clear system. The client plays an active role in the process, and the work does not stop when you leave the office, as homework is quite common.

 The roots of mindfulness lie in Eastern spiritual practices, especially Buddhism. Mindfulness is the practice of conscious presence, which means paying attention to the present moment without judgment. In mindfulness-based therapies, this technique is used to better understand and manage emotions and thoughts. Its popularity skyrocketed as the fast pace and stressful lifestyle of the modern world made new ways of managing stress increasingly necessary. Mindfulness-based therapies are highly suitable for treating anxiety, stress, recurrent depression, chronic pain, attention deficit, and impulse control disorders. By practicing mindfulness, it helps you live in the moment without getting too caught up in negative thoughts or feelings. It is recommended for those experiencing stress, anxiety, or depression who want to learn how to be consciously present without judging their feelings.

 Of course, alongside these larger thinking frameworks, new toolkits are constantly developing so that we can treat mental health issues as specifically and targetedly as possible:

• Somatic therapies focus on bodily sensations and physical responses, especially with trauma, helping emotional processing by strengthening the connection between body and mind.

• EMDR is a trauma treatment method that uses eye movements to help reprocess and ease traumatic memories.

• CPT (Cognitive Processing Therapy) is used specifically for treating PTSD, helping clients cognitively process and reframe traumatic experiences.

• MBCT (Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy) combines mindfulness practices with cognitive therapy, used especially to treat and prevent recurrent depression.

• ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) focuses on acceptance and psychological flexibility, helping clients accept their difficult feelings while pursuing value-based goals.

We can certainly say that the list of various therapy methods grows day by day, which is great news for anyone wishing to work on their mental well-being and resolve health issues. Remember, the foundation of progress is always a good therapeutic relationship. Once that is established, these exciting methods and frameworks can really work their magic during your time together.

Frequently asked questions

Can a psychologist use multiple methods at the same time?

Yes, this is called an integrative approach, where the professional selects the most effective tools from different schools of thought to suit the client's individual problem.

Which is the best psychological method if I want very quick results?

For quick symptom relief and reaching specific goals, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and solution-focused brief therapy are usually the most suitable.

How long does a "short" psychological process take?

According to professional protocols, short therapies usually last between 12 and 25 sessions, which covers about 3 to 6 months of working together.

Do I need to be spiritual to see a Jungian therapist?

Not at all, because the Jungian method treats symbols and dreams as the internal, natural language of the psyche.